Fuel and method of producing same



UNITED STATES.

. LINDON WALLAGE BATES, 0F MOUNT LEBANON, NEW YORK FUEL AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 26,1921.

No Drawing. Original application filed August 5, 1919, Serial No. 315,497. Divided and this application filed January 22, 1920. Serial No. 653,324.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LINDON W. BATES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Mount Lebanon, in the county of Columbia and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fuel and Methods of Producing Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention pertains to a stable mobile fuel containing liquid hydrocarbon whose asphaltic and free carbon particles are stabilized. It is well known that crude and refined oils, such as oils from Mexico and pressure still oil or tar contain asphaltic particles and also particles of free carbon which tend to settle and limit seriously the utility. In my copending application Serial No. 315,497, filed August 5, 1919, the stabilizing qualities of lime-rosin soap, the peptizing and stabilizing qualities of certain derivatives of coals, or their equivalents, were fully described. The quantity of from about 45% to 2% of a resinous soap with alkali will stabilize for a considerable period up to several months carbonaceous particles up to 40% by weight incorporated into a liquid fuel. Adequate stability or non-separation of the components for a reasonable time and to a suitable degree to allow prac; tical use of the fuel may also be obtained by percentages from about 1% to 10% of coal distillate such as creosote or naphthalene or solvent naphtha tar. Furthermore, about 20% of coal tar will stabilize 30% coal particles in some oils. These various classes of stabilizing substances are not all equally effective but all produce adequate fuel stability for a desired period of reasonable length and may be combined in use.

It i s possible, furthermore, as stated, to obtain over a years stability of the asphalturn and free carbon particles encountered as natural impurities in pressure still oil by the use of such amount of lime-rosin grease as will add 1% rosin into the oil. This applies to other liquids also. Distillates of coal and other carbonaceous substance act to peptize and so stabilize notv only particles of solid carbonaceous substance introduced into such oils or tars but also thenatural carbonaceous impurities, such as asphaltum and free carbons encountered therein.

The method of combining the stabilizing substance or substances with the liquid consistd in a mechanical or heat treatment or both The mechanical treatment may consist n agitating'the components together in a mlll, such as a coal pulverizingor other blending mill. Heat may be applied or occur in the mill or elsewhere in a suitable vessel. The requisite heat varies and may attain 95 C. or over, depending on whether heat alone is relied upon or mechanical blending is added. So also the combined treatment may be briefer than may the latter alone. By the addition of any or several of the substances stated the natural carbonaceous impurities in the liquid hydrocarbons may be so treated as to produce a stable fuel. If a plurality of such substances is used the amount of each maybe less than the percentages indicated. So also buoyant substance may be added to'the liquid to delay settling, and viscosity may be adjusted if for any reason it is convenient. Generally speaking, the method and procedure, outlined in my said copending application apply fully to this application of which this is a division.

It should of course be emphasized that the lime-rosin soap or its equivalent should be carefully prepared, as its efficiency depends upon the degree of saponification and the condition of the soap, in a carrier such as oil, The method of making a suitable limerosin grease is fully described in my copendin'g application. Less carefully prepared resinous soaps will not give the same stability as the well prepared. Considerable research was necessary to produce any adequate saponaceous fixature or soapy stabiliz ing substance. Unless otherwise stated, the

addition of larger amounts of stabilizing substances than the percentage necessary to obtain stability does not produce injurious results. This is also the case when fillers or other lighter substances are added to promote stability, or viscosity ad'usting liquids or other substances are adde fuel for any special purpose.

- What is claimed is drocarbon containing the same, which consists in blending therewith coal distillate or equivalent peptizing substance and blending the components and simultaneously peptizing the particles with heat treatment at a temperature range between normal temperature and approximately 95 C.

to adapt the 2. A stable liquid fuel consisting entirely of liquid hydrocarbon, asphaltum and free carbon particles encountered therein only, and a small amount of lime-rosin grease or 5 equivalent stabilizing substance.

3. A stable liquid fuel consisting entirely of liquid hydrocarbon, asphaltum and free carbon particles encountered therein only,

coal distillate having peptizing qualities upon the particles, and a small amount of 10 limerosin grease or equivalent stabilizing substance.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

LINDON WALLACE BATES. 

